Goldman's cardiac risk index

Risk factorPoints
Third heart sound or jugular venous distension 11
MI in the preceeding 6 months 10
Rhythm other than sinus ± premature atrial ectopic contractions 7
More than 5 VE per minute 7
Age > 70 5
Emergency operation 4
Abdominal, thoracic or aortic operation 3
Poor condition as defined by:
  • PaO2 < 8 kPa
  • PaCO2 > 6.5 kPa
  • K+ < 3.0 mmol/l
  • HCO3- < 20 mmol/l
  • Urea > 7.5 mmol/l
  • Creatinine > 270 µmol/l
  • Abnormal SGOT
  • Chronic liver disease
3

Total Mortality (%)
0 - 5 0.3 - 3
6 - 12 1 - 10
13 - 25 3 - 30
26 - 53 19 - 75